The Birney Lab investigates traditional and ancient cultivation methods to uncover sustainable ways of growing plants with enhanced medicinal potency, aroma, nutrition, and climate resilience. Using environmental archaeology, ecophysiology, and ancient Mediterranean texts, we reconstruct historical landscapes that produced key botanical goods—such as crops, perfumes, and ritual plants. In lab and greenhouse settings, we experimentally test how ancient microclimates and cultivation techniques affected plant traits, especially phytochemistry and resilience. Our findings offer insights into past agricultural practices and their relevance for today’s ecological challenges.

We also work to refine how archaeologists interpret organic residues, which often reveal plant species not preserved elsewhere in the archaeological record. These residues are a critical yet underused source for reconstructing ancient environments. Our experimental designs aim to produce actionable data that can inform modern agricultural practices, connecting past knowledge with present-day needs.